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VVineyard History

Era V · 1941 to 1946

Geneva Steel and the War

The world went to war, and America needed steel.

In the space of three years, the quiet farmland beside Vineyard became one of the largest industrial projects in the American West. While its sons went to fight overseas, the fields they left behind turned into a steel mill.

November 1941

The mill in the fields

In November 1941, one month before Pearl Harbor, the federal government approved a steel mill on the farmland at Vineyard. The site made sense on a map: coal, iron ore and limestone could come by rail from mines around Utah, water from Deer Creek Reservoir and wells, and the land sat far inland, safe from any attack on the West Coast.

By March 1942 the government had bought the farms. More than 10,000 workers built the mill, from November 1941 to December 1944. It cost about $200 million in federal money, the largest wartime project the government financed.

Fires, and shortages of workers, equipment and materials, slowed the work. Traffic grew so heavy that in April 1942 American Fork asked the county to widen the road north from Geneva.

10,000+workers built the mill
$200Min federal money
Steel and concrete go into place at Geneva, 1942
Steel and concrete go into place at Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress
Driving piles for the mill's foundations, Geneva, 1942
Driving piles for the mill's foundations, Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress
Digging for the open hearth furnaces by floodlight, Geneva, 1942
Digging for the open hearth furnaces by floodlight, Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress
Servicing a floodlight for night work at Geneva, 1942
Servicing a floodlight for night work at Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress
Two workmen at the mill under construction, Geneva, 1942
Two workmen at the mill under construction, Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress
A truck carrying concrete mixers at the new mill, Geneva, 1942
A truck carrying concrete mixers at the new mill, Geneva, 1942Andreas Feininger, Library of Congress

April 1944

Steel for the Liberty ships

In April 1944 the first order, 600 tons of steel plate, went to California shipyards, where it was used to build Liberty ships, the cargo ships that carried supplies across the oceans. Geneva steel also went into shells for the Army.

About 4,200 people worked at the mill during the war. It turned out 634,000 tons of plate steel and 144,000 tons of steel shapes. Short of hands, Geneva advertised for workers in newspapers across the country and hired 613 women between January 1944 and September 1945.

On February 25, 1945, three American airmen who had been held in a German prison camp wrote to the company asking for jobs.

4,200wartime workers
634,000tons of plate steel in the war
613women hired, 1944 to 1945
Launching day of the Liberty ship Robert E. Peary, Richmond, California, November 12, 1942
Launching day of the Liberty ship Robert E. Peary, Richmond, California, November 12, 1942U.S. Maritime Commission, Library of Congress
Liberty ships like this were built from steel plate, including Geneva's.
Liberty ships like this were built from steel plate, including Geneva's.Office of War Information, National Archives

The Vineyard column

Vineyard's sons

Vineyard was a small farm community with its own ward and its own column of neighborhood news in the local paper. In December 1941 its Sunday School sent books to "the boys of Vineyard ward who are serving in the army or navy."

The column followed them all through the war: four Utah National Guardsmen waiting at Angel Island for ships to the Pacific, a sailor near the Philippines when Japan attacked, a son stationed at San Diego. Then, from 1945 on, it printed the news families waited for. They were coming home.

At Christmas 1946, carols played from a loudspeaker at the mill's Number 2 gate, and the paper reported that members of Vineyard ward greatly appreciated it. The war had taken Vineyard's sons away and put a steel mill in its fields, and now both belonged to the town.

Geneva Works under Mount Timpanogos, 1940s
Geneva Works under Mount Timpanogos, 1940sUtah State Historical Society

Era V

Key moments.

Full timeline
1941November
One month before Pearl Harbor, the government approves a steel mill on Vineyard farmland.
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1941December 4
The Vineyard ward Sunday School sends books to its young men in the army and navy.
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1942March
By March 1942 the government has bought the farms for the mill.
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1942April 16
American Fork asks the county to widen the road north from Geneva for the mill's traffic.
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1944April
The first order of steel plate, 600 tons, ships to California shipyards building Liberty ships.
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1944October 26
A recruiter at the Provo employment office signs up farmers to work at the mill.
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1944December
Construction of the mill is complete, three years after it began.
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1945February 25
Three American airmen held in a German prison camp write to Geneva asking for jobs.
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1945August 21
Utah County leaders meet to keep the mill from closing after the war.
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1946December 26
The paper reports carols playing from the mill's Number 2 gate, enjoyed by Vineyard ward.
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On film

Watch.

Geneva Steel Remembers Pearl Harbor, 1941 to 1991

Geneva workers remember the war, fifty years on.

rykeland

Horse Canyon Mine, Geneva Steel (1942)

The coal mine that fed the mill.

Escalante Outdoor Adventures